What is Dark Web?
There’s essentially three ”layers” to the internet: the surface web, the deep web and the dark web.
The Surface Web is everything you can find through a search engine.
The Deep Web is everything you can’t find through a search engine (your emails, for example). This is the largest portion of the internet.
You can only access deep web if you have the URL of that particular website which you want to access. This web contain all private data like Govt. private documents, Forces (Air Force, Army, Navy) detailed information etc. You can only excess this web if you have two things- the first one is that particular URL and the second one is the permission from that Authority.
The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on overlay networks which use the Internet but require specific software, configurations or authorization to access, often using non-standard communication, protocols and ports. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the Web not indexed by search engines, although sometimes the term "deep web" is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web.
Darknet websites are accessible only through networks such as Tor ("The Onion Router") and I2P ("Invisible Internet Project"). Tor browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used among the darknet users and can be identified by the domain ".onion". Identities and locations of darknet users stay anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the layered encryption system. The darknet encryption technology routes users' data through a large number of intermediate servers, which protects the users' identity and guarantees anonymity. The transmitted information can be decrypted only by a subsequent node in the scheme, which leads to the exit node. The complicated system makes it almost impossible to reproduce the node path and decrypt the information layer by layer. Due to the high level of encryption, websites are not able to track geolocation and IP of their users as well as the users are not able to get this information about the host. Thus, communication between darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to talk, blog, and share files confidentially.
It should be noted that due to high anonymity and confidentiality, dark web has often found itself as the favourite medium for illegal activities such as drug and weapons trade, black market, fraud etc. Also, many whistleblowing sites maintain a presence as well as political discussion forums but sites associated with Bitcoin, fraud related services and mail order services are some of the most prolific.
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